Teliamura (Tripura) June 8: In the rugged hills of Tripura, jhum cultivation remains a vital lifeline for tribal communities, serving as a primary source of income and sustenance. Farmers practising this traditional form of shifting agriculture in remote areas are no less essential than their counterparts in the plains, contributing significantly to the region’s food supply. Yet, these jhumias, as the tribal cultivators are known, are calling for greater government support to bolster their efforts and expand their reach.
With the arrival of early monsoon showers in mid-April (Baisakh), the hilly terrains of Tripura have transformed into fertile grounds for jhum cultivation. Subsequent rainfall in late April and early May (Jaistha) has further enriched the soil, prompting farmers to seize the moment.
Across the slopes, jhumias are diligently sowing seeds for paddy, ridge gourd (jhinga), mistikumar (a gourd variety), and an array of other vegetables, setting the stage for a bountiful harvest.
A recent visit to the Bairagi Dhepa area under the Mungiakami RD Block revealed the vibrant activity of jhum in full swing. Tribal women, alongside other farmers, were seen carefully planting seeds in the jhum fields, their hands moving with practiced precision. One woman farmer, speaking with quiet determination, shared insights into their efforts. “This season, we’re planting paddy, ridge gourd, mistikomar, and other vegetables,” she said. “We’re managing on our own without government aid, but it’s not easy.”
She explained that this year, her community is cultivating two hill plots, with hopes of reaping rewards during the harvest season in September and October (Ashwin-Kartik). The sale of their produce in local markets provides their primary source of income, sustaining their families. “Jhum is our livelihood,” she emphasized. “With government support, we could farm more land and grow even more.”
Jhum, deeply rooted in Tripura’s tribal heritage, faces challenges such as limited resources and lack of infrastructure. Yet, the resilience of these farmers shines through as they work the land with minimal external assistance. The call for government intervention—through subsidies, training, or improved market access—echoes across the hills, as jhumiyas seek to strengthen their traditional practices and secure a brighter future.
As Tripura’s tribal farmers continue to sow the seeds of their livelihood, their efforts underscore the importance of supporting sustainable agricultural practices in the state’s remote regions. With targeted government backing, jhum could not only thrive but also contribute even more significantly to Tripura’s food security and economic growth.
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What is Jhum Cultivation?
Jhum, also known as shifting cultivation, is a traditional method of farming practiced by tribal communities in the hilly regions of Northeast India, including Tripura. Farmers clear a patch of forest, burn the vegetation, and cultivate crops for a few years before moving to a new plot, allowing the previous one to regenerate.
In Tripura, jhum is predominantly practiced by the state’s indigenous tribal communities, such as the Tripuri, Reang, Chakma, and others. It plays a vital role in their socio-economic and cultural life.
Usually, land clearing starts for Jhum before pre-monsoon. Sowing is done after the first showers in April-May. Harvesting begins around September–October (Ashwin–Kartik months).
Economic and Cultural Significance
For many tribal families, jhum remains a primary source of livelihood, especially in remote and inaccessible areas. It also holds ceremonial importance and is linked with festivals and community traditions.
Although jhum is part of indigenous knowledge systems, concerns over deforestation, soil erosion, and declining productivity have led to efforts by the government to encourage settled farming and promote alternative livelihoods.
However, traditional knowledge and sustainable practices still preserve balance in certain communities.
Government Intervention:
The government of Tripura and various development agencies have introduced programs to promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation.
Schemes like National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and Watershed Development Projects aim to provide livelihood alternatives and promote settled farming techniques.
Tribal farmers have often expressed the need for timely support, seeds, tools, and market access.
Recent Trends:
Many tribal youths are moving away from jhum due to better educational and job opportunities, though older generations continue the tradition.
In some areas, efforts are being made to integrate agroforestry and horticulture with jhum for better land use and productivity.
